Model Komunikasi Efektif Tenaga Kesehatan Keluarga Pasien di ICU: Scoping Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.57218/jkj.Vol5.Iss1.2534Kata Kunci:
hambatan komunikasi, intervensi yang dipimpin perawat, komunikasi di ICU, perawatan berpusat pada keluarga, tinjauan AwalAbstrak
Komunikasi antara tenaga kesehatan dan keluarga pasien di ICU merupakan komponen krusial yang berpengaruh terhadap tingkat distress keluarga dan luaran pasien. Namun, pelaksanaannya masih menghadapi berbagai hambatan, baik interpersonal maupun organisasional, terutama dalam konteks budaya Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memetakan pola komunikasi, mengidentifikasi faktor penghambat, serta merumuskan model komunikasi berbasis Patient and Family-Centered Care (PFCC) yang kontekstual dengan budaya Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode scoping review dengan kerangka Arksey dan O’Malley. Pencarian literatur dilakukan secara sistematis melalui basis data PubMed, ScienceDirect, dan CINAHL pada periode 2021–2025. Sebanyak 10 studi terpilih melalui proses seleksi PRISMA-ScR, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan pendekatan ekstraksi tematik dan sintesis naratif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa metode ask-tell-ask dan recipient design merupakan strategi komunikasi tatap muka yang paling efektif. Intervensi keperawatan yang terstruktur terbukti meningkatkan kepuasan keluarga (MD 2,39; p=0,02), kualitas komunikasi (MD 0,37; p=0,002), serta dukungan emosional (MD 8,71; p<0,001). Hambatan utama meliputi beban kerja yang tinggi, kurangnya pelatihan formal, serta kompleksitas dinamika emosional dan budaya. Implikasinya, penerapan PFCC yang disesuaikan dengan konteks budaya Indonesia melalui pelatihan komunikasi terstruktur, pembentukan peran family liaison nurse, dan pengembangan protokol komunikasi berbasis bukti berpotensi menurunkan distress keluarga serta meningkatkan kualitas layanan ICU secara berkelanjutan.
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